Biology Is Love

  Facts and information about Bioinformatics especially for DBT-JRF:  [Part -2] These notes are only for the students who are not interested in Bioinformatics but want to solve and memorize the common questions in DBT-JRF.  These are just the random facts, prepared from analyzed PYQs. The following are handwritten notes. If you face any problems please let us know in the comment section. 

 Crabtree effect: The name is given by an English Biochemist Herbert Grace Crabtree.  This effect is referred to as the production of ethanol in aerobic conditions rather than biomass by yeast cells at high external glucose concentrations through the TCA cycle.  This is basically the decrease in the rate of electron transport due to the mass action of the elevated phosphorylation ratio.  Warburg effect: This effect is referred to as an increase in the rate of glucose uptake and the production of lactate in aerobic conditions. The discoverer of this effect,  Warburg hypothesized that this effect is mainly due to the dysfunctional mitochondria, observed in the tumor cells, predominantly found in the cancer developmental cells.  The Crabtree-Warburg effect interprets that the avoidance of a decrease in ATP is observed in those conditions where higher glucose uptake is found than the downstream processing capability of the second phase of the glycolysis. 

 The following suggestions for Chemistry numerical (HS-2024- Bengali version) are uploaded. If any kind of problems arise, please let us know in the comment section.  All the best!!!!!!!!!

  MTT Assay Principle : The MTT assay provides a readout of cell viability & growth that works by measuring cell metabolic activity. The yellow tetrazolium MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) is reduced by the metabolically active cells, by the action of dehydrogenase enzymes, to produce reducing equivalents such as NADH and NADPH. The resulting intracellular purple formazan can be solubilized and quantified by spectrophotometric means at 570nm. MTT is sensitive to light. This assay should be performed in the dark. The MTT assay measures,  cellular metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity.

  Keto diet: How does this diet work: The establishment of the keto diet is if glucose (the simplest form of carbohydrate as well as the main source of energy in every animal) is deprived, which is gained by consuming carbs. The ketones are a substitution of glucose, which is synthesized from stored fat. Hence, the name is ketogenic. The neurocytes (The brain cells) need glucose approximately 120 grams per day because these cells cannot store glucose. When a person is fasting or consumes very little carbohydrates, at first the body pulls glucose from the liver and muscle glycogen. Glycogen breaks down from the liver and muscle into glucose through glycogenolysis by the influence of the hormone glucagon. During this time the level of insulin gets decreased in the blood. The body starts utilizing fat as its primary fuel. When formed ketone bodies begin to accumulate in the organs as well as in the blood, the condition is called ketosis. Mild ketosis is usually experienced by every