Biology Is Love

COTARD'S SYNDROME (COTARD'S DELUSION) - Eishika Das Figure 1  History:  Named after Jules Cotard (1840-1889), a Parisian neurologist, psychiatrist, and surgeon who received his medical doctorate in 1868 from the University of Paris and worked at the Hospice de la Salpétriére under Jean Martin Charcot. In June 1880, he described a report of Mademoiselle X, a 43 years woman who believed she had no brain, no nerves, no chest, no stomach, no intestine and was nothing more than a decomposing body. As she could not die a natural death, and that she did not need food, for she was eternal and would live forever. What the disease is?  Cotard's syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric condition characterized by anxious melancholia, delusions of non-existence concerning one's own body to the extent of delusions of immortality. It has been most commonly seen in patients with severe depression. However, now it is thought to be less common possibly due to early institution of treatment in...

BODY TEMPERATURE AND ITS REGULATION WITH SOME CLINICAL CONDITION (FEVER AND HYPOTHERMIA)

 BCL2 PROTEINS REGULATES INTRINSIC PATHWAY OF APOPTOSIS                                                                                   -EISHIKA DAS In Intrinsic apoptotic pathway, mitochondrion plays a central role by releasing cytochrome C. The defining event during intrinsic apoptotic pathway Is mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization or MOMP . Following MOMP, cytochrome c, are released into the cytosol. Once in the cytoplasm, cytochrome c binds to adaptor protein APAF1 . This interaction leads to hydrolysis of the bound dATP to dADP and a change in the conformation of APAF-1.  APAF-1 assembles into a heptameric complex, the apoptosome . The APAF-1 proteins in the apoptosome then recruit initiator procaspase-9. The incorporation of procaspase-9 into the apoptosome ...

Wolf-Chaikoff Effect It is a reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine(more than 2mg/day) which suppresses NADPH oxidase activity as well as NIS & TPO genes expression. Jan Wolff and Isreal Lyon Chaikoff first reported that injection of iodine in rats almost completely inhibited " Organification of iodine " in the thyroid gland by an " Autoregulatory phenomenon ".  The Wolff-Chaikoff effect lasts several days(~10 days), after which it is disappeared by a process known as " Escape Phenomenon " which is described by resumption of normal organification of iodine and normal TPO function.                     The Wolff-Chaikoff effect can be used as a treatment principle against hyperthyroidism by infusion of a large amount of iodine to suppress the thyroi d gland.  By- Souti Das image source- twitter