ANAMMOX -- Anaerobic ammonium oxidation

ANAMMOX

- Nandini Das

Anammox is an abbreviation for anaerobic ammonium oxidation, is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle.

Nitrite and Ammonium ions are converted directly into diatomic nitrogen and water in anaerobic conditions.

Overall reaction:

NH₄⁺ + NO₂^- → N₂ + 2H₂O

Globally, this process may be responsible for 30-50% of the N₂ gas produced in the oceans, it is the thus a major sink for fixed nitrogen.

The bacteria that perform the anammox process belong to the bacterial phylum Plancomycetes.
Currently, five anammox genera have been discovered: Bracadia, Kuenia, Anammoxoglobus, Jettenia(all fresh water species), and Scalindua (marine species)

The anammox bacteria are characterized by several striking properties:

Ø They all possess one anammoxosome, a membrane bound compartment inside the cytoplasm which is the locus of anammox catabolism.

Ø Further the membranes of these bacteria mainly consist of ladderane lipids so far, the unique in biology.

Ø In chemistry, a ladderane is an organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings. The name arises from the resemblance of a series of fused cyclobutane rings to a ladder.

Ø Denitrification of water bodies and waste water treatment involve anammox.

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